Turkish language
The language has found its origins from central Asia and gained popularity via Turks that is during Ottoman Empire. As the Turkish Empire grew so did the influence of this language grew because this was the administrative language of Ottoman Empire. In 1928 when Republic Of Turkey was formed , under the influence of Ataturk reforms the Turkish ottoman script was replaced with a Latin variant script .Persian and Arabic words were removed and replaced with local Turkic words this move was made by the newly found Turkish language Association during this times.
Language Structure & Grammar
The Word order in Turkish language is subject, object and Verb; vowel harmony marks the uniqueness of this language. Interestingly Turkish does not have classifications of nouns or difference in genders. People are addressed in second pronouns depending on status class supremacy, gender and seniority as well as respect, politeness and social relationships. Norms is to use plural pronouns or even verbs to address a respected person in order to honor addressee double plural second person sizzler are used this could be used to address titles or high ranks.
Turkish is part of Turkic languages and Altaic languages. Being a subgroup of oghuz languages it is similar to gagauz and azeri which are other two languages belonging to same subgroup. This subgroup consist of 30 currently spoken languages in parts of Central Asia ,Siberia and Europe .The interchangeability of words amongst Turkish and this languages is a result of their common group .Azeri Qusqai ,Turkish ,and Balkan Gagauz
Historical significance
The two monuments found in Mongolia had Turkish inscription on them dated as early as 750 A,D .This were erected in honor of two prince kul Tigin and Bilge Khan who later on became emperor. 1889 and 1893 more evidence were discovered by archeologist in valley of Orkhon valley where orkhon script engraved pillars were discovered. This was found to be very similar in form to Germanic Runic alphabets .
During the expansion of Turkish Regime(6-11Th Century) Turkish speaking people were in vast majority and were located in the regions from Siberia to Mediterranean Europe, Seljuqs or Oghuz Turks are the people who brough their own language called oghuz turk from where modern Turkish is derived to parts of Europe and Anatolia. Mahmud Alo kashgiri one of the early linguist of Turkish language published the first turkik dictionary and map of turkik language speaking regions .Ottoman Turkish in its regional language was called Diwanu Lugatit turk. Early Turkish had large collection of loanwords from the Persian and Arabic languages. Specially Poetry called Ottoman divan poetry was very much influenced by the lyrical Persian .Kaba turke or rough Turkish was the language of common people during those times This language was favored by low class and rural people who was more influenced by the dialect of those regions.
Modern Turkish
Formation of Republic of Turkey was responsible for new language Association and the body was called Turkish Language association (TDK).This was formed in 1932 led by Mustafa Kabal Auturk who was literary giant of Turkey .The main task was more research in the language secondly to replace the old Arabic and Persian words with new accepted local words in original turkik .A ban was declared to use imported words in published forms and press and to revive old turkik .This created tremendous chaos as there was a distinct difference in older generation speaking and language of youth .In fact language issue has blocked a major portion of political debate whether to continue old language or use the new one .TDK role is coin new words phrases and improvise grammar .Due to Global Influence Turkish is getting new words from widely spoken English language.
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Ottoman Turkish
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Modern Turkish
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English translation
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Comments
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müselles
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üçgen
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triangle
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Compound of the noun üç ("three") and the very old Turkic noun gen ("tension", "side")
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tayyare
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uçak
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airplane
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Derived from the verb uçmak ("to fly"). The word was first proposed to mean "airport".
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nispet
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oran
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ratio
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The old word is still used in the language today together with the new one. The modern word is from Old Turkic verb or- (to cut).
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şimal
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kuzey
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north
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Derived from the Old Turkic noun kuz ("cold and dark place", "shadow"). The word is restored from Middle Turkic usage.[18]
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teşrinievvel
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ekim
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October
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The noun ekim means "the action of planting", referring to the planting of cereal seeds in autumn, which is widespread in Turkey
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Consonants
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Consonant phonemes of Standard Turkish
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Bilabial
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Labio- dental
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Dental
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Alveolar
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Post- alveolar
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Palatal
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Velar
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Glottal
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Plosives
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p
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b
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t̪
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d̪
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c
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ɟ
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k
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ɡ
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Nasal
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m
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n
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Fricative
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f
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v
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s
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z
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ʃ
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ʒ
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ɣ
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h
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Affricate
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tʃ
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dʒ
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Tap
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ɾ
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Approximant
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j
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Lateral
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Consonants
The vowels of the Turkish language are, in their alphabetical order, a, e, I,i o, ö, u, and ü. Un dotted <ı> is the [ɯ] There are no dip thongs in Turkish;
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Turkish
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English
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gel-
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(to) come
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gelebil-
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(to) be able to come
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gelme-
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not (to) come
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geleme-
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(to) be unable to come
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gelememiş
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Apparently (s)he couldn't come
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gelebilecek
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(s)he'll be able to come
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gelmeyebilir
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(s)he may (possibly) not come
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gelebilirsen
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if thou can come
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gelinir
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(passive) one comes, people come
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gelebilmeliydin
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thou shouldst have been able to come
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gelebilseydin
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if thou could have come
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gelmeliydin
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thou shouldst have come
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