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Both in North Korea and in Yanbian Autonomous Region in China, the language is most commonly known as Chosŏnmal or officially as Chosŏnŏ. Korean communities living in Russia, who is called Koryo-saram, calls the language b the name of Goryeomal. There are more than 78 million Korean speaking people, residing in different parts of the world.

Genealogy

The currently prevailing national writing system is called Hangul which was originally commissioned by Sejong the Great in the 15th century. Prior to that Hanja and phonetic systems such as Hyangchal, Gugyeol and Idu were used by the Koreans.

Though the genealogical taxonomy of the Korean language is highly debated the linguists, proficient in the Korean language. Many linguists consider Korean to be a member of the Altaic language family. Many relate it with Japanese-Ryukyuan. The word "Korean" is originated from Goryeo, the first dynasty known to western countries that ruled Korea. After the Korean War and the consequent present-day North-South Korean differences, the variation in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary has been witnessed.

Korean is spoken in both South and North Korea and also in many countries such as China, Japan and the United States. Korean language has quite a few dialects known as mal, saturi, or bang-eon in Korean. The South Korean standard language, called pyojuneo or pyojunmal, is based on the dialect spoken around Seoul while the North Korea standard language is based on the dialect spoken around the area of Pyongyang. All Korean language dialects are analogous to each other.

Korean language dialects are closely associated with the specific Korean regions. Here is a list of dialects and the regions where they are spoken:

Consonants

These are the Korean consonants.

The IPA symbol ‹◌͈› is denoted by a subscript double straight quotation mark, which shown here with a placeholder circle. This symbol is used to symbolize the tensed consonants /p͈/, /t͈/, /k͈/, /t͡ɕ͈/, /s͈/. Its formal use is for 'strong' expression.

Vowels

Sentence structure

In Korean language, modifiers usually come before the modified words, and verb modifiers can be serially attached. The basic sentence in Korean language consists of a Subject, an Object and a Verb.

"Did [you] go to the store?"

"Yes."

Parts of speech

In Korean Language, there are nine parts of speech.

1. Verb: Action verbs in Korean are called tongsa. Examples of action verbs: hada, "to do" and kada, "to go". Descriptive verbs in Korean are called hyeong-yongsa. An example of descriptive verbs: yehppeuda, "to be pretty".

In Korean language, verbs are not conjugated to agree with the subject and nouns have no gender. Verbs are conjugated as per the verb tense, characteristic, mood and the social relation between the speaker and the listeners.

2. Adjective: Korean adjectives are called hyeong-yongsa and they are also called "descriptive verbs". So the translation of Korean adjectives into English may misleadingly imply that they are verbs. For example, the literal translation of ‘pukda’ is "to be red" but it is actually a hyeong-yongsa or "adjectives".

3. Pre-nouns: In Koreanlanguage, pre-nouns are called gwanhyeongsa. In English, these are the "determinatives". An example of pre-noun is kak, "each".

4. Noun: Basic Korean nouns, called myeongsa, are native to the Korean language. Examples: nara, country and nal, day. But a large number of Korean nouns are derived from Chinese characters. Examples: san, mountain; yeok, station; munhwa, culture etc.

5. Pronoun: Korean pronouns are called daemyeongsa. Pronouns depend on the social status of the person. For example, the pronoun for "I" is na (informal) and jeo (formal).

6. Adverb: Korean adverbsare called busa. Examples:tto, "also" and gadeuk, "fully".

7. Particle: Korean particles are called josa which are equivalent to English "postpositions". Examples: neun, topic marker and reul, object marker.

8. Interjection: Korean interjections are called gamtansa and are similar to English "exclamations". Example: ani, "no".

9. Number: Korean numbers are called susa. Every countable thing, in Korean, follows this number system.

There is much prevalence of English seen in modern Korean culture and society. There are many instances where both English and Korean are mixed in the same sentence. People are often seen using English words while speaking and writing Korean. This modern trend is referred to as konglish.