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Japanese Language

Verbs and particular vocabulary are used to point out the relative position of the speaker with the listener. The pitch-accent system of the language is much significant.

Japanese is spoken almost entirely in Japan and also spoken in other places that were occupied by Japan during World War II. These places are in countries like Korea, Taiwan, China, Philippines and also various small Pacific islands. The Japanese emigrant communities living in various countries too speak primarily in Japanese. These Japanese-speaking emigrants can be found in Hawaii, Peru, Argentina, Australia, Philippines and the United States.

Japanese Scripts

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There are three types of scripts that are used to write in the Japanese language. They are: Chinese characters called kanji, and two scripts from modified Chinese characters called hiragana and katakana. Latin alphabet system called rōmaji is also used in modern-day Japanese language, while for numbers, Arabic numerals are generally used.

There are different rules of grammar used for both the systems with little variation in the vocabulary. Until about 1900, the main system of writing in Japanese was called Bungo. After that kōgo came into existence and both methods were used until the 1940s. Today, Kōgo is the main method for both speaking and writing Japanese.

There are dozens of dialects of Japanese. These dialects can be distinguished on the basis of pitch accent, morphology, vocabulary and usage of the particles. Few of them even have different vowel and consonant sets.

In Japanese, there are mainly two types of accents - Tokyo-type and Kyoto-Osaka-type. However, a third type, spoken by a small fraction of people, is Kyūshū-type dialects. Each type is further divided into sub-divisions

Japanese Grammar.

There are total five vowels in Japanese. These vowels are pure without any diphthongs. Only monophthongs are there. There is only one odd vowel, the high back vowel /ɯ/, which is similar to /u/. The length of the vowel in Japanese is phonemic. So, each of them has two versions – a short one and a long one. A vowel can be elongated, and an elongated vowel is generally denoted either with a line over the vowel or a hyphen following the vowel.

In a Japanese sentence, the three basic components follow this order Subject-Object-Verb. The verb must come at the end of a sentence. The basic sentence formation in Japanese is topic-comment. Let’s understand this with the help of an example. Kochira-wa Tanaka-san desu is a Japanese sentence. Here, kochira, meaning "this", is the topic and wa is the particle. The verb is desu, which can be commonly translated as "to be". Tanaka-san desu is a phrase and can be considered here as the comment. The literal translation of this sentence is "As for this person, (it) is Mr./Mrs./Miss Tanaka."

In Japanese, a sentence can be complete without stating the subject or the object. An example of a single verb which is a complete sentence: Yatta! ("[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". An example of a single adjective which is a complete sentence: Urayamashii! ("[I'm] jealous [of it]!".

There are few words in the language that are normally translated as pronouns, but their usage is very rare. These "pronouns" are different from most modern Indo-European language pronouns in their functions.

For example, we cannot say in English:

The amazed he ran down the street. (Grammatically wrong use of a pronoun)

But in Japanese, the same thing can be grammatically correct:

Odoroita kare-wa michi-o hashitte itta.

In Japanese, nouns cannot be distinguished on the basis of number, gender or article. The noun ‘hon’ may imply one book or a number of books. In sentences, where number needs to be indicated, a quantity or a suffix is added to do so. However, some Japanese nouns are in fact plural. For example, hitobito meaning "people" is in plural form. In Japanese, conjugation of verbs is performed to imply various tenses.

In Japanese, there are three types of adjective:

1. keiyōshi, or i adjectives: Example - atsui hi "a hot day".
2. keiyōdōshi, or na adjectives: Example - hen na hito "a strange person".
3. rentaishi, or true adjectives: Example - ano yama "that mountain".

Japanese Language in Global Demand

Japan enjoys the status of being the second largest economy in the world. Hence learning Japanese language can be a bountiful skill. Japanese exports are increasing day by day. Japan is particularly known for its engineering and manufacturing technologies which projects the importance of Japanese language on the global arena. Japanese can open doors to employment in a range of occupations, for example, semiconductor industry, electronics, engineering, manufacturing, certain agricultural industries, teaching, translation, interpreting and travel.

Of course, Japan’s official language is Japanese. However, there are two forms of the Japanese language: hyōjungo, "standard Japanese" and kyōtsūgo, "common language". But both the terms have almost the same meaning. Hyōjungo is the medium of instruction used in schools and also used on television and for official communications.